Vet Insights: 7 Types of Allergies in Dogs and How to Spot Them

It’s normal for dogs to occasionally scratch, lick, or chew themselves. However, when these behaviors become persistent or intense, they may indicate an underlying condition like an allergy. If not addressed, these allergies can lead to discomfort, chronic skin problems, and more serious health concerns over time.

Interestingly, there are several types of dog allergies, each with its own clinical signs. 

As a result, treatment approaches can vary depending on the specific type and cause. This article will guide you through the different types of canine allergies and provide helpful strategies for managing them, so you can keep your dog happy, healthy, and comfortable.

We’ll also explore effective home remedies for managing canine allergies that are simple and accessible. But first, let’s take a closer look at what dog allergies are—and why they tend to be such an itchy issue.

Dog Allergies: What Exactly Are They?

At its core, canine allergies occur when a dog’s immune system overreacts to typically harmless triggers, known as allergens. Allergies are among the most common health concerns seen in dogs today.

Common allergens for dogs include mold, pollen, and certain food ingredients. However, allergies can also be triggered by flea bites, dust mites, or other environmental factors. They can also be triggered by certain drugs like antibiotics or NSAIDs, or vaccines. 

Interestingly, what causes an allergic reaction in one dog may not affect another, making each case unique and sometimes tricky to pinpoint.

Canine Allergies Left Untreated: What You Need to Know

Contrary to common belief, allergies in dogs don’t just cause excessive scratching or licking. If left unmanaged, they can lead to more serious health complications that may impact your dog’s overall quality of life. These can include:

Skin irritation and self-inflicted wounds from excessive scratching

Chronic itching and scratching from allergies can lead to self-inflicted wounds (auto-mutilation) and skin damage in dogs. These may appear as abrasions, raw patches, or open sores. If left untreated, they can lead to secondary infections and ongoing discomfort.

Dehydration and related internal health problems

Allergies in dogs can sometimes cause symptoms like vomiting or loss of appetite. If left untreated, these issues may lead to dehydration and more serious health complications. Persistent symptoms should always be evaluated by a veterinarian. 

Usually, food intolerance leads to vomiting, loss of appetite, and other gastrointestinal issues, which is a different condition from food allergy.

Anaphylactic shock (a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction)

Although rare, severe allergic reactions in dogs can result in anaphylactic shock. This life-threatening condition causes sudden symptoms like swelling, difficulty breathing, or collapse. Immediate veterinary care is critical to prevent fatal complications.

Allergy-related eye problems

Eye problems in dogs, such as discharge caused by allergies, can sometimes indicate more serious conditions. If left untreated, issues like eye ulcers or glaucoma may develop. Early diagnosis and treatment by a vet or a pet homeopathy specialist are essential to prevent vision loss.

Secondary infections caused by scratching or licking

When dogs scratch or lick excessively due to allergies, it can damage the skin and allow bacteria or yeast to enter. This may lead to painful secondary infections requiring medical attention. Early treatment helps prevent the infection from spreading or worsening.

Chronic ear infections caused by allergies

Allergies—especially to food or environmental triggers—can lead to recurring ear infections in dogs. These infections are often painful and may cause itching, odor, and/or discharge. Without proper treatment, they can result in permanent ear damage.

Painful hot spots linked to allergy-related skin irritation

Hot spots are localized areas of inflamed skin that can develop rapidly due to allergies, itching, or irritation. Ongoing licking or scratching often worsens the condition. While a pet homeopathy specialist may help manage mild cases, more severe hot spots typically require antibiotics and anti-inflammatory treatment from a veterinarian.

Consulting a qualified pet homeopath can also offer valuable support, especially for those interested in natural or holistic approaches to care.

Canine Allergies: 7 Types You Should Know About

As previously mentioned, canine allergies can manifest in various ways, each with distinct clinical signs. In this section, we’ll examine the different types of allergic reactions and how they differ from one another.

#1. Food allergies and sensitivities

Food allergies and sensitivities in dogs are often caused by common ingredients like beef, chicken, lamb, eggs, dairy, and soy. True food allergies trigger an immune response, unlike food intolerances, which are typically non-immune reactions. 

Food allergies in dogs often cause symptoms like itchy skin, particularly around the ears and paws, chronic ear infections, and digestive issues. In contrast, food intolerances stem from difficulty digesting specific ingredients, leading to vomiting, diarrhea, or bloating. Identifying and eliminating the trigger ingredient is key to managing these conditions and providing lasting relief.

#2. Flea Allergy Dermatitis (FAD)

Flea Allergy Dermatitis (FAD) is a common skin condition in dogs, triggered by an allergic reaction to proteins in flea saliva. For dogs with this sensitivity, even a single flea bite can cause intense itching and discomfort.

Persistent scratching can result in hair loss, skin inflammation, and secondary infections. Effective management of flea allergy dermatitis requires consistent flea prevention and prompt treatment of related skin problems.

#3. Environmental allergies

Environmental allergies in dogs, commonly referred to as atopic dermatitis or seasonal allergies, are triggered by airborne allergens, such as pollen and mold spores. Dust mites’ waste and body fragments can also be a factor. While many cases are seasonal, some dogs may experience persistent symptoms throughout the year depending on their specific sensitivities. 

These allergies often lead to itchy, irritated skin, most commonly affecting the face, feet, and underarms. Managing atopic dermatitis in dogs involves pinpointing the underlying triggers and implementing a long-term treatment plan to keep symptoms under control.

#4. Contact allergies

Contact allergies in dogs, also known as contact dermatitis, are less common and occur when a dog’s skin reacts to direct contact with certain substances. Common triggers include flea collar ingredients, cleaning products, grass, pesticides, or specific materials like carpets or fabrics. 

Symptoms are usually localized, often appearing on the feet, belly, or other areas that touch the allergen. Identifying and avoiding the irritant is key to managing a dog’s skin reaction to materials like grass or chemicals.

#5. Edema of the face or throat

Edema of the face or throat in dogs, also known as angioneurotic edema, is a rapid allergic reaction that leads to swelling in areas such as the face, throat, eyelids, or ear flaps. Symptoms typically appear within 30 minutes to a few hours after exposure to an allergen.

Common causes of angioedema in pets include insect bites or stings, vaccinations, medications, certain foods, and environmental triggers such as pollen or chemicals. Identifying the underlying cause is key to effective management.

Dogs may also develop hives or raised welts on the skin. Prompt care from a veterinarian or qualified pet homeopath is essential to reduce swelling and prevent more serious complications.

#6. Urticaria (hives)

Urticaria, commonly known as hives in dogs, is an allergic skin reaction marked by red, swollen, and extremely itchy patches. These raised welts often resemble a rash and can appear anywhere on the body. 

Common causes may include insect bites or stings, medications, certain foods, and environmental allergens such as pollen, mold, or dust mites. Identifying the trigger is essential for proper treatment and prevention.

Symptoms typically develop within 6 to 24 hours after exposure to an allergen. Prompt treatment helps relieve discomfort and prevents the reaction from worsening.

#7. Anaphylactic shock

Anaphylactic shock in dogs is a rare but life-threatening allergic reaction that causes a sudden drop in blood pressure and can lead to shock. It’s most commonly triggered by bee or wasp stings, certain medications, or vaccine reactions.

Common clinical signs may include sudden diarrhea, excessive drooling, pale gums, cold extremities, vomiting, shock, seizures, coma, and in severe cases, death. Immediate veterinary attention is crucial for any of these symptoms. 

In rare cases, severe food allergies may also result in anaphylaxis. Prompt emergency care is critical to improve the chances of recovery.

A helpful note to keep in mind

It’s important to recognize that many allergy symptoms in dogs can overlap and may also signal other underlying health issues. For this reason, identifying the exact cause can be challenging without expert input. 

Consulting a veterinarian or a qualified pet homeopathy practitioner is key to achieving an accurate diagnosis and creating an effective, individualized treatment plan.

Allergies in Dogs: Clinical Signs to Watch For

When it comes to the clinical signs of canine allergies, they can vary depending on the type of allergy involved. Let’s take a closer look at the symptoms associated with each type of dog allergy.

General allergy signs in dogs

• Localized or generalized itchiness
• Hives or raised bumps
• Swelling of the face, ears, lips, or eyelids
• Red or inflamed skin
• Diarrhea and vomiting
• Sneezing
• Itchy or infected ears
• Itchy, watery, or runny eyes
• Excessive licking or chewing

Canine seasonal allergy symptoms

• Excessive scratching or itching
• Frequent sneezing
• Licking or chewing paws
• Increased shedding
• Red, inflamed, or infected skin
• Compulsive paw licking
• Chronic ear infections
• Mild respiratory issues (more common in cats)

Dog food allergy signs

• Itchy ears
• Itchy or inflamed paws
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Chronic ear infections (in some cases)

Signs of skin allergies in dogs (allergic dermatitis)

• Intense itching and scratching
• Redness and inflammation
• Scabbing or crusty skin
• Secondary skin infections

In cases of allergic dermatitis, irritation most often appears on areas such as the muzzle, paws, underarms, ears, wrists, ankles, groin, and between the toes.

Additionally, some allergy symptoms in dogs can mimic those of other health conditions, making it especially important to seek a proper diagnosis from a veterinarian or a qualified pet homeopath.

Allergies in Dogs: How Vets Diagnose the Condition

A proper diagnosis of your dog’s allergies begins with a veterinary consultation. During the initial visit, the vet will perform a complete physical examination and gather detailed information about your dog’s medical history and symptoms.

It’s essential to rule out other common causes of itching, such as parasites or skin infections. Once these are excluded, your vet can recommend appropriate allergy testing or treatment options.

Diagnosis of food allergy in dogs

Food allergy diagnosis in dogs often begins with an elimination diet using a prescription hypoallergenic formula. This carefully controlled diet is followed for 8 to 12 weeks to help identify which ingredients may be triggering allergic symptoms.

Your dog must eat only the prescribed diet during this time—no treats, table scraps, or flavored medications. Sticking to the plan is essential for accurate results and identifying the ingredients causing the reaction.

Diagnosing environmental dog allergies

Diagnosing environmental allergies in dogs can be complex and often requires specialized testing. Veterinarians may use intradermal skin testing or blood tests to identify specific allergens such as pollen, mold, or dust mites. 
These tests are valuable tools for identifying the specific allergens responsible for your dog’s symptoms. A precise diagnosis is essential for creating an effective, personalized treatment or allergy management plan.

Dog Allergies: Natural Remedies to Consider

Interestingly, there are also simple home remedies that can help manage your dog’s allergy symptoms. In the following section, we’ll provide a brief overview of these options along with easy, step-by-step instructions for how to use them effectively.

When considering natural remedies for dog allergies, it’s essential to consult a veterinarian or qualified pet homeopathy specialist to ensure safe and appropriate use.

A small daily amount of local, unpasteurized honey may help.

Local, unpasteurized honey may help reduce seasonal allergy symptoms in dogs by exposing them to trace amounts of local pollen. 

Recommended daily doses vary by size: ¼ tsp for very small dogs, ½ tsp for small dogs, 1 tsp for medium dogs, and up to 2 tsp for large dogs. It’s important to stay within these limits to avoid spikes in blood sugar and unwanted weight gain.

Consider an Epsom salt soak to gently ease your dog’s skin discomfort.

Epsom salt soaks are a simple and effective home remedy for dogs with itchy paws. They help wash away allergens like pollen or dust and provide natural relief by soothing irritated skin. 

Soaking your dog’s paws in a warm Epsom salt solution for a few minutes can reduce inflammation and discomfort. Always rinse thoroughly after soaking and avoid letting your dog drink the water.

Applying coconut oil can help soothe dry, irritated skin.

Coconut oil is a natural remedy known to soothe dry, itchy skin in dogs. When applied topically, it may also offer antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic benefits.

You can gently massage it into your dog’s coat and skin to promote hydration and relief. Regular use may support skin health and add shine to the coat. For dogs with allergies, a thorough wipedown after outdoor exposure can also help remove lingering allergens.

Adding Omega-3 fatty acids to your dog’s routine may help manage allergy-related skin issues.

Supplementing with Omega-3 fatty acids, like those found in fish oil, can support your dog’s skin and coat health. These nutrients help reduce itchiness and inflammation caused by allergies. Over time, they can also promote a shinier, healthier coat. 

Always consult your veterinarian or pet nutritionist for the correct dosage and to ensure it’s appropriate for your dog’s needs.

An apple cider vinegar spray can do wonders for your dog’s allergies.

Apple cider vinegar can be an effective natural solution for managing itchy or inflamed skin in dogs. When mixed with equal parts water, it can be sprayed onto the coat to help fight bacteria and fungus—just be sure to avoid any open wounds or raw areas.

It’s also effective as a paw soak to help remove allergens and reduce inflammation. As mentioned earlier, wiping down your dog after outdoor exposure can further reduce contact with lingering allergens. Always watch for any signs of skin sensitivity and adjust use accordingly.

For dogs with itchy skin, oatmeal baths can provide natural, soothing relief.

Oatmeal baths are a natural and gentle way to soothe itchy, irritated skin in dogs. Simply add ground plain oatmeal to warm bathwater to help calm inflammation and moisturize dry skin. 

For targeted relief, you can also make an oatmeal paste and apply it directly to affected areas. After outdoor activities, wiping your dog down can go a long way in reducing allergen buildup on the skin and coat.

Sugar-free and lactose-free plain yogurt can be a healthy treat that may also help soothe allergy symptoms.

Sugar-free and lactose-free plain yogurt can be a nutritious treat that supports gut health and may help with certain skin issues in dogs. The probiotics in yogurt promote healthy digestion and can aid in managing allergy-related symptoms. 

It’s best to feed small amounts, just a spoonful, once a day.

Opt for reputable, high-quality natural products to support your dog’s health safely.

Zumalka’s GENERAL DETOXIFICATION KIT is designed to support your pet’s natural detox process and help maintain healthy organ function. Key organs like the liver and kidneys act as the body’s filters and need regular cleansing to function optimally. 

Over time, toxin buildup in the body can contribute to a range of health issues. Regular detoxification with the GENERAL DETOXIFICATION KIT—particularly for pets aged three and older—can support long-term wellness and strengthen the immune system. This gentle, natural formula is designed to help eliminate toxins, maintain healthy organ function, and promote overall vitality in your pet.

On the other hand, the SKIN DRAINER OPTIMAL kit is specially formulated to gently detox your pet’s skin while supporting overall health and vitality. This full-spectrum approach helps eliminate toxins that build up in the skin, liver, and kidneys. 

The SKIN DRAINER OPTIMAL kit also supports healthy organ function and aids in clearing the body of pollutants and heavy metals. By promoting a balanced immune response, the kit contributes to clearer skin and enhanced well-being for your pet.

Canine Allergies: Vet-Recommended Conventional Treatments

After confirming a diagnosis, your veterinarian will create a treatment plan based on your dog’s symptoms and overall condition. This plan often includes the following components:

• Common options include flea and tick preventatives for flea allergy dermatitis, antihistamines for mild symptoms, and corticosteroids for quick relief in more severe cases.
• Prescription medications like oclacitinib and lokivetmab are often used to control itching, while antibiotics or antifungals may be needed for secondary infections.
• Other treatments include therapeutic shampoos, hypoallergenic diets for food allergies, allergy immunotherapy for long-term environmental allergy management, and emergency care for anaphylactic reactions.

Managing Dog Allergies: Prevention and Long-Term Care

Preventing dog allergies and managing them long-term requires a proactive approach and consistent care. 

Key steps for managing canine allergies include consistent year-round flea and tick prevention, avoiding known environmental and food allergens, and bathing your dog with gentle, hypoallergenic shampoos as needed. 

Avoid overbathing—once a week is sufficient for mild allergies, twice weekly for moderate to severe cases, and every other day during flare-ups or as directed by your veterinarian. For flea allergies, always follow the shampoo instructions, and once fleas are controlled, bathe your dog every 2–4 weeks based on their coat type.

Adding omega-3 fatty acids to your dog’s diet can help manage inflammation and support overall skin health. Maintaining a clean living environment also helps limit exposure to common allergens such as dust mites and mold.

Ongoing allergy relief for your dog is best achieved through regular guidance from a veterinarian or experienced pet homeopath. Pet insurance can also be a valuable resource in covering the costs of allergy testing and long-term treatment.

Canine Allergy Warning Signs: When to Seek Veterinary Help

Natural remedies can offer relief for minor allergy symptoms, but when allergies become severe or persistent, professional veterinary care is essential. Contact your veterinarian if you observe any of the following clinical signs:

• Severe or worsening itching
• Open sores or self-inflicted wounds
• Signs of infection (pus, redness, swelling)
• Sudden severe symptoms or difficulty breathing (possible anaphylaxis)
• Sudden collapse (possible anaphylaxis)
• Symptoms that don’t improve with home remedies
• Lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, or loss of appetite with skin issues

While natural remedies can help with mild symptoms, they are not appropriate for more serious conditions like severe skin infections, intense pain, or systemic illness. In such cases, immediate veterinary attention is crucial for your dog’s health and recovery.

Frequently Asked Questions About Dog Allergies

What can I give my dog naturally for allergies?

Natural options for dog allergies include coconut oil, local honey, diluted apple cider vinegar, oatmeal baths, and omega-3 supplements. Always consult your veterinarian or a qualified pet homeopathy specialist before starting any remedy.

Can I spray vinegar on my dog for itching?

A 50/50 mix of apple cider vinegar and water can help relieve your dog’s itchy skin. Avoid spraying on broken skin, and consult your vet or pet homeopathy expert before use.

What is the best natural remedy for a dog's itchy skin?

One of the best natural remedies for a dog's itchy skin is an oatmeal bath. It soothes irritation, reduces inflammation, and is safe for most dogs. Always consult your vet or pet homeopath before starting treatment.

What is the best way to treat allergies in dogs?

The best way to treat allergies to dogs includes reducing exposure, using HEPA filters, regular cleaning, and taking antihistamines. Consulting an allergist helps determine personalized treatment options, including immunotherapy for long-term relief.

What is best to feed a dog with allergies?

The best food for dogs with allergies is a limited-ingredient or prescription hypoallergenic diet. Look for novel proteins and grain-free options. Always consult your veterinarian or a qualified pet homeopath to identify triggers and choose the right formula.

What is the main cause of dog allergies?

The main causes of dog allergies include environmental allergens (like pollen, dust mites, and mold), food ingredients, and flea bites. These triggers can lead to skin irritation, itching, and other allergic reactions.

What food to feed an itchy dog?

For an itchy dog, feed a limited-ingredient or hypoallergenic diet with novel proteins like duck or salmon. Grain-free or prescription options can help. Always consult your vet or pet nutritionist to identify the best food for your dog.

How do you make homemade allergy relief for dogs?

To make homemade allergy relief for dogs, use natural remedies like oatmeal baths, coconut oil, or diluted apple cider vinegar sprays. Always check with your veterinarian or holistic pet care expert before trying any DIY treatment at home.

Can I give my dog cetirizine?

Yes, you can give your dog cetirizine for allergies, but only under veterinary guidance. The dosage depends on your dog’s size and condition. Never use products containing decongestants like pseudoephedrine.

What treat can I give my dog with allergies?

For dogs with allergies, give limited-ingredient or hypoallergenic treats made with novel proteins like duck or salmon. Avoid common allergens like wheat, chicken, or soy. Always consult your vet or pet nutritionist for safe options.

What antihistamine is safe for dogs?

Common antihistamines safe for dogs include diphenhydramine (Benadryl), cetirizine (Zyrtec), and loratadine (Claritin). Always avoid decongestant formulas and consult your veterinarian for proper dosage and suitability for your dog’s condition.

How much cetirizine can I give my 10kg dog?

For a 10kg dog, the typical cetirizine dosage is 0.5-1 mg per kg, given once daily, so around 5-10mg. Always consult your veterinarian before administering any medication to ensure proper dosage and safety.

What is atopic dermatitis in dogs?

Atopic dermatitis in dogs is a chronic skin condition caused by environmental allergens like pollen, dust mites, or mold. It leads to intense itching, redness, and skin infections. Veterinary and pet homeopath diagnosis and treatment are essential.

What is the strongest natural antibiotic for dogs without a vet?

Coconut oil is considered one of the strongest natural antibiotics for dogs, offering antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. However, always consult your vet or pet homeopathy expert before using natural remedies for safety and effectiveness.

What should I feed my dog with allergies?

Feed your dog a limited-ingredient or hypoallergenic diet with novel proteins like duck, venison, or salmon. Avoid common allergens such as chicken, beef, wheat, and soy. Always consult your veterinarian or holistic pet care expert for guidance.

What is a good dog treat for dogs with allergies?

A good treat for dogs with allergies is a limited-ingredient, hypoallergenic option made with novel proteins like duck or fish. Avoid common allergens like chicken, wheat, or soy. Always consult your veterinarian or pet nutritionist.

The Bottom Line

Living with a dog with allergies requires patience, understanding, and close collaboration with your veterinarian or holistic pet care expert. Proactive prevention and early attention to symptoms are key to effective dog allergy management. 

With the right care, you can help your itchy dog feel more comfortable and supported. By working closely with your veterinarian and a trusted pet homeopathy specialist, you can improve your dog’s quality of life and overall well-being.

About the author

Dr. Simran Mudaliar, BVSc

Dr. Simran Mudaliar BVSc is a New Zealand-based veterinarian specializing in holistic medicine and preventative care. She is passionate about educating pet owners on natural and comprehensive pet health.

Dr. Mudaliar integrates conventional veterinary medicine and surgery with complementary and alternative therapies to maintain long-term optimal health for her patients. She addresses a wide range of issues, from basic veterinary care to chronic conditions.

In addition to her clinical work, she mentors new graduate veterinarians and consults in holistic veterinary medicine and nutrition.

Dr. Mudaliar began her education in Zoology at Guelph University, Ontario, Canada, and completed her degree in Veterinary Science at Massey University, New Zealand.

In her spare time, she enjoys hiking with her husband, baby, and dog named Marley.

Read the complete profile of Dr. Simran Mudaliar, BVSc (Veterinarian) here.