Cat Nose Cancer: Early Signs, Diagnosis, and Vet-Verified Natural Care Tips
Most often, before a cat is diagnosed with nasal cancer, the owner will say that their pet is frequently pawing at their face or rubbing their face against the ground.
Nasal cancer can be found in both the nasal cavity (nose) and the paranasal sinuses. This type of cancer is rare in cats, unlike dogs. However, the majority of nasal cancers are malignant, meaning they are harmful, aggressive, and potentially life-threatening, and can spread to other organs and tissues.
There are two main types of nasal cancer in cats: squamous cell carcinoma and lymphoma. As with other types of cancer, the life expectancy of cats depends on several factors: the type of cancer, its location, and its size. Cats that do not receive treatment after diagnosis have a life expectancy of only a few months, depending on the severity of the cancer.
In this article, you will learn what nasal cancer in cats is, what the most common forms are, what the clinical signs are, what the diagnosis and treatment are, and what solutions you have at hand to help your cat.
What Is Nasal Cancer In Cats?
Nasal cancer is a condition in which the cells in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses multiply chaotically and uncontrollably, forming tumors. This type of cancer represents 1-8.4% of all cancer cases in this species.
According to studies, out of 123 cats diagnosed with nasal cancer, 92% of the tumors were malignant. In addition, the same study showed that nasal cancer is more prevalent in males (59% of cats).
This type of cancer occurs especially in older cats (average age 10.9 years).
Unfortunately, the clinical signs of nasal cancer in its early stages are subtle or absent, which causes its diagnosis to be made late, when the disease has advanced. At the time of diagnosis, intranasal tumors are usually quite large. Although most types of nasal cancer in cats are malignant, they do not usually spread throughout the body. However, the degree of local invasion is high, infiltrating the bone and surrounding tissues, including the brain and eyes.
The life expectancy of a cat diagnosed with nasal cancer depends on the location, type, and size of the tumor. Cats that receive treatment have a chance of complete recovery. However, the recurrence rate is high. Cats that do not receive treatment have a low chance of survival, only a few months.
Types Of Nose Cancer In Cats
Several types of nasal cancer can occur in cats. Here are the most common:
1. Nasal squamous cell carcinoma
Nasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arises from the squamous cells of the nose, often occurring on the nasal planum. This type of cancer is one of the most common types of nose cancer diagnosed in cats.
The most common cause of SCC is prolonged exposure to sunlight or UV rays, especially in cats with light skin and fur, which have a 13.4 times greater risk of developing nasal SCC. It also occurs in outdoor cats that spend a lot of time in the sun. SCC usually occurs in areas with sparse hair that are exposed to the sun, such as the nose, eyelids, lips, or the tips of the ears.
Although it is slow-growing, it is a locally aggressive nasal cancer that infiltrates the surrounding tissues. Nasal SCC usually presents as a lesion on the nose that does not seem to heal (ulceration or a cauliflower-like growth).
2. Nasal lymphoma
Nasal lymphoma is another type of nasal cancer that is common in cats with nasal cancer. Some studies suggest that this type of cancer is the most common type of cancer in cats. Another study shows that out of 65 cats diagnosed with nasal cancer, approximately 45% had nasal lymphoma.
This cancer arises in the lymphoid tissue of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. In some cases, it can also involve other areas, such as the mouth, throat, or lymph nodes.
It appears that radiotherapy is the most effective method of treating this type of nasal cancer in cats, with clinical signs improving in approximately 87% of patients.
3. Nasal fibrosarcoma
Nasal fibrosarcoma is a rare type of cancer in cats. It arises in the connective tissue and can be locally aggressive, infiltrating the surrounding tissues. The rate of spread to other organs and tissues is low.
4. Other types of nose cancer in cats are:
- Adenocarcinoma
- Chondrosarcoma
- Osteosarcoma
- Melanoma
- Basal cell carcinoma
- Plasmacytoma (plasma cell tumor)
- Hemangiosarcoma
What Are The Clinical Signs Of Nasal Cancer In Cats?
Clinical signs vary depending on the type, location, and stage of the cancer. As previously mentioned, early-stage nasal cancers may have subtle or no clinical signs. Here are some of the symptoms you may notice when your cat has nasal cancer:
- A skin lesion on the nose that seems to be going away (in the case of squamous cell carcinoma)
- A runny nose
- A nosebleed
- Difficult breathing
- Face swelling
- Facial deformity
- Sneezing
- Snoring
- Mouth breathing
- Loss of appetite. In some cases, the affected cat has a normal appetite but cannot eat due to the tumor invading the surrounding tissues.
- Weight loss
- Seizures in cases where the tumor has invaded the brain
Some of these clinical signs are similar to other conditions, such as dental problems or cat flu. For this reason, it is important to contact your veterinarian because what may seem like a simple cold may be something much more serious.
What Causes Cat Nose Cancer?
The causes of nose cancer in cats (or any type of cancer) are still unknown. However, certain risk factors may increase the incidence of the disease, such as:
Genetic factors
Some breeds have a genetic predisposition to developing cancer, such as the Siamese. In addition, if the cat's parents have had nasal cancer, the cat in question will have an even higher risk of developing cancer. However, this does not mean that if one of the parents (or both) had nasal cancer, their offspring would have a 100% chance of developing nasal cancer.
As studies show, males are more prone to developing nose cancer, so are older cats.
Environmental factors
Regardless of genetics, prolonged exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke, chemicals, or pollutants can increase the risk of developing nasal cancer. In addition, sun exposure is another environmental risk factor that can lead to the development of nasal squamous cell carcinoma – light-haired cats are more prone to developing SCC.
Inflammation
Chronic nasal inflammation, systemic infections (with feline leukemia virus FeLV or feline immunodeficiency virus FIV) that suppress the immune system, or a compromised immune system can also lead to an increased risk of developing nasal cancer. Even chronic dental issues, such as broken teeth, diseased gums, or tooth decay, can create a favorable environment for cancer development. If you don't take immediate action when dental problems arise, they can lead to inflammation of the nasal cavity and sinuses and create a suitable environment for cancer development.
How Is Nasal Cancer In Cats Diagnosed By Veterinarians?
Like any other type of cancer, nasal cancer involves several diagnostic methods to confirm the presence of the tumor and determine its type.
First, the veterinarian will perform a thorough physical examination, which will include:
- Evaluation of clinical signs
- Palpation of lymph nodes
- Monitoring of vital signs
Then, the veterinarian will recommend the following diagnostic imaging methods:
X-rays – These can detect changes in the bone and nasal obstructions. However, they are less accurate than other diagnostic imaging methods like MRI or CT.
CT – Computed tomography is the most useful test for detecting nasal cancer in cats. It can show the location, size, and invasion of the tumor into neighboring tissues. In addition, CT is required for planning treatment, whether it is surgery, radiation therapy, or both.
MRI – Magnetic resonance imaging is less accurate than CT for bony structures, but is more accurate for soft tissues. However, MRI is useful for detecting whether nasal cancer has spread to other structures, such as the brain or eyes.
In addition, your veterinarian will recommend blood tests to see how your cat's organs are functioning, if they are anemic, or have other underlying health conditions, and if they are a good candidate for treatment.
To confirm or rule out the presence of cancer, your veterinarian will recommend fine needle aspiration (FNA) and/or biopsy. FNA is a minimally invasive diagnostic method that involves inserting a fine needle into the tumor and harvesting tumor cells, which will then be examined under a microscope (cytological examination). If the FNA result is inconclusive, your veterinarian will recommend a biopsy. A biopsy is an invasive method that involves removing a fragment of the tumor (partial biopsy) or the entire tumor (total biopsy), which will then be examined by a pathologist (histopathological examination).
Other diagnostic methods that can be recommended are:
PARR testing (PCR for Antigen Receptor Rearrangements) when nasal lymphoma is suspected - helps to distinguish neoplastic from inflammatory lymphoid cells.
Rhinoscopy – if the vet suspects nasal cancer, they may recommend inserting a small camera into the nose to investigate it and look at the tissues.
What Is The Treatment For Nose Cancer In Cats?
Treatment for nasal cancer in cats depends on the stage of the disease and the cat's general condition. As a result, the veterinarian will choose one or more treatment options. Here are the treatments that veterinarians use in cats with nasal cancer:
1. Radiotherapy
Because nasal tumors remain localized, radiation therapy is the treatment of choice for cats diagnosed with this type of cancer. Radiation therapy targets cancer cells to destroy them and minimize damage to surrounding healthy tissue. Cats with nasal cancer usually require multiple sessions for treatment to be effective.
Survival time can be 1 to 3 years if treatment is completed.
2. Chemotherapy
Your veterinarian will recommend chemotherapy if the cancer has spread throughout the body. In addition, this treatment method is used successfully in nasal lymphoma. Cats with nasal lymphoma who receive treatment have a survival time of approximately 3 months.
For better results, chemotherapy can be combined with radiation therapy.
3. Surgery
Because of the location of the cancer, surgery is not a common treatment option. However, early stages of external nasal cancers, such as SCC, can be surgically removed.
Surgery is not effective if the cancer has spread.
4. Symptomatic treatment
If curative treatments are not an option, your veterinarian may recommend symptomatic treatment to relieve clinical signs. This treatment may include anti-inflammatory (meloxicam) and pain medications (NSAIDs), appetite stimulants, diet, decongestants or corticosteroids (prednisolone) to improve breathing and reduce inflammation, or antibiotics (if there are secondary infections).
Can A Cat Survive Nose Cancer?
The average survival time for a cat diagnosed with nasal cancer depends on several factors, such as the location, size, and stage of the nasal tumor.
Cats diagnosed with nasal lymphoma have an average survival time of 1-3 years if they undergo radiation treatment. However, there is one case, Calliope, who survived for over 6 years. Cats with nasal lymphoma left untreated have a very short median survival time of approximately 1 month from diagnosis.
On average, the survival time for cats diagnosed with nasal cancer is approximately one year. Cats left untreated may survive up to 5 months.
Are There Alternative Therapies That Can Help Cats With Nasal Cancer?
Conventional medicine can be invasive and expensive. So, there are some alternative treatments you can try to support your cat during nasal cancer. Some natural remedies can be found right in your own pantry, in the form of herbs and spices. Therefore, here are 4 herbs and spices that can support your cat's body to fight nasal cancer and reduce its risk:
1. Turmeric (curcumin)
Turmeric is more than just a spice with an exotic flavor and oriental color that you use in cooking. It has many health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. These properties may help slow tumor growth.
Mix 1/8 teaspoon (cats up to 10 lbs.), 1/4 teaspoon (cats 10-20 lbs.), or 1/2 teaspoon (cats over 20 lbs.) of powdered turmeric into their food. If you are using turmeric paste, here are the recommended doses:
- 1/4 teaspoon for up to 10 lbs. cats
- 1/2 teaspoon for 10-20 lbs. cats
- 1 teaspoon for over 20 lbs. cats
For better absorption, you can combine it with omega-3 fish oil, which is another good supplement for slowing down tumor growth.
Here are some aspects to consider before giving turmeric to your cat:
- Start with small, increasing doses to see how your cat reacts to it first.
- Do not give turmeric without talking to your veterinarian or pet homeopath, as it can interact with some medications.
- Overuse can lead to gastrointestinal problems.
2. Ginger
Ginger is related to turmeric and has similar properties, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant. This spice is rich in bioactive compounds (phenols and polyphenols), which have modulatory properties for various cellular signaling pathways and regulatory proteins involved in cancer development and progression.
So, to support your cat with nasal cancer, peel and grate a small piece of ginger root and add it to your cat's food. You can also add powdered ginger to their food. Make sure to mix well because, otherwise, they may not eat it because it is spicy and very aromatic.
Dosage:
- 1/16 teaspoon for up to 5 lbs. cats
- 1/8 teaspoon for 5-10 lbs. cats
- 1/4 teaspoon for over 10 lbs. cats
Here are some aspects to consider before giving ginger to your cat:
- Don’t give ginger if they have a bleeding disorder, as it acts as a natural blood thinner.
- It is safe for cats but should be given in small, increasing amounts to avoid causing gastrointestinal problems.
- Always consult a veterinarian or pet homeopath before giving ginger to your cat.
3. Rosemary
According to studies, rosemary has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties. The anticancer properties are due to the fact that this culinary herb can inhibit various cancer cell lines by interfering with cell signaling pathways that regulate cell growth and survival. In addition, some bioactive compounds, such as carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid, can induce programmed cell death of cancer cells, reducing tumor viability.
Rosemary is safe for cats. To use it, sprinkle one tiny pinch (less than 1/8 teaspoon) of rosemary over their food and mix well. You can use dried or fresh rosemary – make sure to use only fresh, finely chopped leaves – no more than 2 leaves per day.
Here are some aspects to consider before giving rosemary to your cat:
- It is safe for cats but should be given in small, increasing amounts to avoid causing gastrointestinal problems.
- Never use rosemary essential oil on or around your cat.
- Always talk to a vet or pet homeopath before giving rosemary to your cat.
- Monitor your pet, as some cats may be allergic to rosemary.
4. Basil
Basil is an herb found in many pantries. Besides the flavor it adds to your dishes, basil also has anticancer properties, according to studies. This herb is high in bioactive compounds like rosmarinic acids, caffeic acids, apigenin, and luteolin, which have anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Therefore, basil can suppress the proliferation of various cancer cell lines, promote programmed cell death, and interfere with the cell cycle of cancer cells.
Sprinkle a tiny pinch of dried basil over your cat’s food and mix well. You can also use fresh basil (1-2 leaves), but make sure to finely chop it before adding it to their meal.
Here are some aspects to consider before giving basil to your cat:
- It is safe for cats but should be given in small, increasing amounts to avoid causing gastrointestinal problems.
- Avoid using basil essential oils.
- Always talk to a vet or pet homeopath before giving basil to your cat.
- Monitor your pet, as some cats may be allergic to basil.
Natural Products That Can Help Your Cat With Nose Cancer
Although PIPTOPET is not an herb or a spice, it is made only from natural ingredients. PIPTOPET is a mother tincture that has as its active ingredient birch polypore (Fomitopsis betulina), a medicinal mushroom used for its multiple benefits. Birch polypore has antibacterial, antiviral, antitumoral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune support properties. Studies performed on monkeys, mice, and dogs revealed these benefits.
It’s an excellent natural product for cats with nose cancer because it boosts and supports the immune system and promotes the body’s natural healing responses. By adding TONICPET #4, #5, #7, and #10 to your sick cat treatment, you will complement PIPTOPET’s properties.
TONICPET #4 enhances your cat’s body’s natural immune responses, promoting proper oxygenation throughout the body.
TONICPET #5 supports healthy blood flow, ensuring optimal function of your cat’s body systems.
TONICPET #7 improves oxygen circulation throughout your cat’s body, strengthening their immune system.
TONICPET #10 help balance your cat’s body pH, discouraging tumor growth.
Improving your cat’s blood circulation and their body's natural defense mechanisms, you will help them fight cancer better.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
How long can cats live with nose cancer?
Cats diagnosed with nasal cancer can survive up to 3 years, depending on the type of cancer and whether or not treatment was given. In the case of nasal lymphoma, there are cases where cats have lived over 6 years after radiotherapy treatment. Untreated cats have an average life expectancy of a few months.
What does cancer look like on a cat's nose?
Nose cancer that occurs on the nasal planum is called squamous cell carcinoma. This type of cancer may appear as a non-healing lesion, ulceration, or cauliflower-like growth. If you notice these changes on your cat's nose, take your pet to the vet for a definitive diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
What is the first stage of nose cancer?
In humans, stage 1 nasal cancer begins to infiltrate the surrounding tissues (possibly reaching the bone) but is limited to one part of the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses. At this stage, the cancer has not spread to the local lymph nodes or other parts of the body.
What are the symptoms of nasal cancer in cats?
Depending on the type of nose cancer, symptoms may include a sore on the nose that doesn't seem to heal, a runny nose, nosebleeds, difficulty breathing, mouth breathing, facial swelling or deformity, and sneezing. Nasal cancer can look like a common cold in its early to mid stages. In advanced stages, you may confuse it with a dental issue. So, if you notice one or more of these clinical signs, take your cat to the vet for a proper diagnosis and treatment.
Can cancer cause nose bleeding?
Yes, nose cancer can cause bleeding, especially in advanced stages when the tumor grows and spreads to the surrounding structures. This happens because the tumor grows and destroys blood vessels, it thins and weakens the mucous lining, ulcerates, or secondary infections develop that can cause damage to the nasal tissue.
What is the survival rate for cats with nasal lymphoma?
Nasal lymphoma in cats has a survival time of 1 to 3 years if radiation therapy is elected. Some cats can live more than 3 years, but those are exceptional cases. If you choose not to treat your cat, the survival time is only a few months.
What would cause a cat to have a nosebleed?
There are many reasons why a cat may have nosebleeds. The most common causes are nasal cancer, trauma, infections, colds, respiratory infections, foreign objects, poisoning, or high blood pressure. If your cat has nosebleeds, see a veterinarian as soon as possible to determine the underlying cause and receive proper treatment.
About the author
Leave a comment