Vet Insights: How to Treat Upper Respiratory Infection in Cats at Home

Is your cat sneezing frequently or dealing with a runny nose? These clinical signs may point to an upper respiratory infection, a common health issue for felines.

This article explores simple yet effective home remedies—like using probiotics and adjusting your cat’s diet—to help your furry friend recover quickly.

A Vet Explains Feline Upper Respiratory Infections

Feline upper respiratory infection, often called "cat flu," refers to a group of viral infections that affect cats.

The most common culprits are herpes virus and feline calicivirus, but other infectious agents—such as Mycoplasma, Chlamydophila felis (formerly known as Chlamydia), and Bordetella bronchiseptica—can also cause these respiratory issues.

Fungal infections, such as those caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, can also trigger respiratory issues in cats. One of the most common clinical signs is green or yellow discharge coming from your cat's nose, though other indicators like difficulty breathing or lethargy may also be present.

These infections can cause symptoms like sneezing, nasal discharge, and fever, which can significantly affect your cat's health. Even healthy cats are susceptible to upper respiratory infections, so it's important to monitor your pet closely for any signs of illness.

Clarifying a common myth about upper respiratory infection in cats

It’s a common misconception that only outdoor cats are susceptible to upper respiratory infections. Even healthy indoor felines can be at risk. While these infections often spread in crowded places like an animal shelter or a rescue, indoor cats can still be exposed through contact with other animals, visitors, or contaminated objects.

Are Feline Respiratory Infections Bad?

Most upper respiratory infections in cats are viral, accounting for about 90% of cases. However, a smaller percentage of infections are caused by bacteria, which may require different treatment approaches, such as antibiotics.

These infections can cause a range of clinical signs, from mild issues like chronic sniffles and congestion to more serious complications, such as dental problems, stomatitis, or even pneumonia. Over time, they can weaken your cat's immune system, affecting their overall health and quality of life.

Most cats become prone to secondary bacterial infections

The progression of feline upper respiratory infections often worsens over time if left untreated. It typically begins with mild signs such as sneezing and eye discharge but can escalate to more severe symptoms like fever, nasal congestion, or difficulty breathing.

Cats might experience elevated body temperatures, and decreased appetite, and in some instances, they may even develop secondary bacterial infections necessitating antibiotic intervention.

Feline Herpesvirus vs. Feline Calicivirus Infection

To better understand feline respiratory infections, it’s important to explore the key differences between feline herpes virus infections and feline calicivirus infections, as they can vary in symptoms, severity, and treatment.

• Both viral infections can cause respiratory symptoms in cats, including sneezing, nasal congestion, and difficulty breathing. However, the severity and duration of these symptoms may vary depending on the specific virus.
• Calicivirus infections in cats can lead to serious dental issues, such as stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) and gingivitis (gum inflammation). Many affected cats require extensive veterinary-grade dental cleaning to address these complications. For more information, check out my article on gingivitis in cats.
• Calicivirus infections in cats have also been linked to idiopathic cystitis (bladder inflammation with no clear cause) and acute lameness or limping. These less common symptoms highlight the wide-ranging effects of the virus.
• The most common upper respiratory disease caused by the feline herpes virus is feline viral rhinotracheitis. Cats affected by this condition typically develop respiratory symptoms, including sneezing, wheezing, coughing, and conjunctivitis.
• In more severe cases of feline herpes virus infection, secondary bacterial infections may develop. These can be accompanied by fever and a loss of appetite, as the cat’s immune system weakens.
• The herpes virus in cats can cause eye conditions such as corneal ulcers and keratitis (inflammation of the cornea). If left untreated, these conditions may result in pain or vision impairment.

How Do Cats Even Get an Upper Respiratory Tract Infection?

By now, you’re probably wondering: how did my pet end up with a feline upper respiratory infection? Let me explain the most common causes and how these infections spread.

The viruses responsible for upper respiratory infection in cats are typically present in discharge from the eyes, nose, and throat. This mode of transmission closely resembles how humans catch a common cold, making it easy to understand how quickly these infections can spread.

Viral particles are primarily transmitted directly, such as when a healthy cat is exposed to droplets from a sick cat’s sneeze. Additionally, these particles can linger on surfaces (known as fomites), like food bowls or bedding, allowing the virus to spread when other cats come into contact with these contaminated objects.

Home Remedies for Upper Respiratory Infection in Cats

Some viral infections in cats may persist, leading to chronic upper respiratory disease or recurrent symptoms.

It’s important to understand that complete eradication of these viruses is not always possible, but with proper management, affected cats can still lead healthy and comfortable lives. Stressful situations can trigger a resurgence of respiratory symptoms in infected cats, making it important to minimize stress in their environment.

Holistic approaches, such as dietary adjustments, natural supplements, and stress reduction techniques, can play a vital role in supporting cats with chronic respiratory conditions.
In the following sections, we’ll explore natural remedies—including dietary changes, herbal options, and environmental adjustments—that can help manage upper respiratory infection in cats.

Managing Feline Upper Respiratory Infection: Why Nutrition Matters

When it comes to helping your pet recover from a feline upper respiratory infection, focusing on immune support is essential. Since a significant portion of the immune system resides in the gastrointestinal tract, starting there with probiotics or dietary adjustments can be an effective first step.

Transitioning your cat to a less inflammatory diet can help reduce overall inflammation and support recovery from upper respiratory infections.

Many commercial pet foods are processed in ways that may increase inflammation, so choosing high-quality, minimally processed options—such as grain-free, raw, or wet foods—can make a significant difference in your cat’s health.

Feline upper respiratory infection may be prevented by proper nutrition

Opting for fresh, whole foods can help reduce chronic inflammation that may contribute to a leaky gut, a condition that puts unnecessary stress on the gastrointestinal immune system.

Fresh foods are naturally rich in antioxidants and provide essential anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting compounds that are often diminished during the high-heat processing of commercial pet foods. Incorporating options like cooked chicken, pumpkin, or blueberries can be an excellent start to improving your cat’s overall health.

Consider consulting a licensed veterinary nutritionist for tailored advice on creating a homemade diet plan that meets your cat’s specific nutritional needs. This is especially important to avoid imbalances and ensure the diet supports your cat’s overall health, including immune and respiratory function.

Boosting Gut and Immune Health: Add Probiotics and Prebiotics to the Mix

Research indicates that incorporating probiotics and prebiotics into a cat's diet can improve intestinal microbiota by promoting healthy bacteria, ultimately strengthening the feline immune system. Probiotics and prebiotics can be introduced through supplements or specially formulated cat foods.

Prebiotics serve as nourishment for gut microbes, encouraging the growth of beneficial bacteria.

This helps maintain a balanced intestinal microbiota, which supports the immune system by reducing harmful pathogens and promoting overall health. Sources of prebiotics include inulin and fiber-rich foods.

PROBIOPET is designed to help prevent feline upper respiratory infection

PROBIOPET is an all-natural, homeopathic, and holistic supplement designed to support your cat’s immune health. By promoting gut balance and overall wellness, it’s a powerful tool for maintaining your pet’s vitality naturally.

Packed with billions of beneficial microbes, this powerful formula supports immune function while nurturing a healthy and balanced gut microflora. With just 1 to 2 capsules a day, your cat will enjoy improved vitality and overall wellness!

Support your cat’s health the natural way and help them thrive with renewed energy and vitality!

Bovine Lactoferrin: A Powerful Boost for Immune and Gut Health

Bovine colostrum is a powerhouse of health benefits for your furry friend.

Rich in lactoferrin, a versatile compound that acts as a prebiotic, it promotes the growth of beneficial gut bacteria like Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. In addition to supporting gut health, bovine colostrum also helps boost immunity and overall wellness.

Bovine colostrum supports gastrointestinal well-being by reducing gut inflammation and promoting cell growth in the intestines, aiding in the repair and maintenance of gut health.
Rich in growth factors like insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and antioxidants, it also excels at promoting muscle repair and growth, making it a versatile supplement for your pet’s overall health.

On top of all that, lactoferrin plays a vital role in strengthening the immune system. It stimulates the production of T-cells and white blood cells, which help balance the immune response and boost your cat’s defenses.

Its natural antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties act as a shield against harmful invaders, preventing them from infiltrating the body’s cells.

Echinacea Helps Boost Overall Immune System Health

Echinacea, derived from the coneflower, is a popular choice among holistic veterinarians and homeopaths for its immune-boosting and anti-inflammatory properties.

This botanical extract can help reduce inflammation and strengthen your cat’s immune defenses. You can find echinacea in pet-safe tinctures, capsules, or supplements designed to support feline health.

VACCINE DETOX is an excellent choice, featuring a blend of homeopathic botanicals specifically formulated to strengthen your pet’s immune system and support post-vaccine detoxification. By promoting the removal of toxins and reducing inflammation, it helps restore balance to your pet’s body naturally

This remedy is a practical choice for detoxifying after vaccinations, helping to alleviate symptoms such as anxiety, confusion, breathing difficulties, fatigue, trembling, diarrhea, and weight loss. By supporting the body’s natural detoxification processes, it promotes optimal health and recovery for your furry companion post-vaccination.

Breathe EZ Clear by Zumalka

If your furry friend is showing signs of upper respiratory issues like a runny nose, sneezing, or congestion, consider trying BREATHE EZ (CLEAR). Cats are especially prone to respiratory concerns, which can impact their comfort and overall health.

That’s why BREATHE EZ (CLEAR) is specially formulated with natural ingredients to support clear breathing and promote respiratory well-being.

This natural remedy offers a gentle and effective way to address respiratory symptoms, making it ideal for pets with mild to moderate upper respiratory infections (URIs). Here's how BREATHE EZ (CLEAR) delivers results:

• Supports Respiratory Health: Clears nasal passages and relieves congestion, helping your pet breathe more comfortably.
• Reduces Nasal Discharge and Congestion: Eases runny noses—a common symptom of feline upper respiratory infection—to provide relief and comfort.
• Soothes Sneezing: Calms persistent sneezing fits that can be bothersome for sick cats battling respiratory infections.
• Enhances Comfort and Wellness: Promotes easier breathing, helping your pet feel more at ease and supporting their overall well-being even during a viral infection.
• BREATHE EZ (CLEAR) is crafted with natural ingredients to support respiratory health naturally and effectively. Consult your veterinarian to see how this remedy can benefit your pet. 

A Final Word

Viral infections can easily spread between furry friends, making it essential to keep your cat's immune health strong. If you have a multi-cat household, the risk of transmission is even higher due to close contact and shared spaces.

Focusing on your cat’s immune health through proper nutrition, supplements, and a stress-free environment will give it the best chance to fight off cat flu and other infections.

If you notice symptoms like sneezing, nasal discharge, or lethargy, consulting your vet or a pet wellness expert can ensure your furry friend gets the necessary care.

About the author

Dr. Simran Mudaliar, BVSc

Dr. Simran Mudaliar BVSc is a New Zealand-based veterinarian specializing in holistic medicine and preventative care. She is passionate about educating pet owners on natural and comprehensive pet health.

Dr. Mudaliar integrates conventional veterinary medicine and surgery with complementary and alternative therapies to maintain long-term optimal health for her patients. She addresses a wide range of issues, from basic veterinary care to chronic conditions.

In addition to her clinical work, she mentors new graduate veterinarians and consults in holistic veterinary medicine and nutrition.

Dr. Mudaliar began her education in Zoology at Guelph University, Ontario, Canada, and completed her degree in Veterinary Science at Massey University, New Zealand.

In her spare time, she enjoys hiking with her husband, baby, and dog named Marley.

Read the complete profile of Dr. Simran Mudaliar, BVSc (Veterinarian) here.